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Cette étude développe l’intuition forte qu’il est essentiel à la nature de la conscience d’être conscience d’elle-même. Et ce en même temps qu’elle est conscience de l’objet présent dans son champ, intérieur ou extérieur à l’espace mental. Une théorie auto-représentationnelle de la conscience en résulte, qui résout les difficultés des théories simplement représentationnelles. Des caractéristiques saillantes des états mentaux conscients s’expliquent de façon naturelle, comme leur immédiateté d’appréhension, leur connaissance directe, leur aspect subjectif, ou la structuration du champ conscient en premier plan et arrière-plan. La composante subjective de la conscience, bien qu’habituellement marginale, apparaît alors dans toute son importance, car elle est première dans la genèse de l’épisode conscient, et elle a des rapports structurels étroits avec l’élaboration de la conscience de soi, elle aussi le plus souvent à l’arrière-plan. L’intelligence du rapport entre les représentations mentales conscientes et les configurations neuronales qui les produisent dans le cerveau est à la fois nécessaire et – pour le moment – difficile à atteindre, mais l’ébauche d’une correspondance semble se faire jour dans les recherches contemporaines.
In the 1990's it was realized that quantum physics has some spectacular applications in computer science. This book is a concise introduction to quantum computation, developing the basic elements of this new branch of computational theory without assuming any background in physics. It begins with an introduction to the quantum theory from a computer-science perspective. It illustrates the quantum-computational approach with several elementary examples of quantum speed-up, before moving to the major applications: Shor's factoring algorithm, Grover's search algorithm, and quantum error correction. The book is intended primarily for computer scientists who know nothing about quantum theory, but will also be of interest to physicists who want to learn the theory of quantum computation, and philosophers of science interested in quantum foundational issues. It evolved during six years of teaching the subject to undergraduates and graduate students in computer science, mathematics, engineering, and physics, at Cornell University.
By illustrating how effective managers apply economic theory and techniques to solve real-world problems, MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS 13E helps future business leaders learn to think analytically and make better decisions. As always, the seasoned author team balances a solid foundation of traditional microeconomic theory with extensive exploration of the latest analytical tools in managerial economics, such as game-theoretic tactics, information economics, and organizational architecture. This new edition is concise, comprehensive, and current with cutting-edge coverage of important management topics relevant to today's students, including an exciting focus on "green" business and environmentally friendly practices and products.
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This Third Edition, in response to the enthusiastic reception given by academia and students to the previous edition, offers a cohesive presentation of all aspects of theoretical computer science, namely automata, formal languages, computability, and complexity. Besides, it includes coverage of mathematical preliminaries. NEW TO THIS EDITION • Expanded sections on pigeonhole principle and the principle of induction (both in Chapter 2) • A rigorous proof of Kleene’s theorem (Chapter 5) • Major changes in the chapter on Turing machines (TMs) – A new section on high-level description of TMs – Techniques for the construction of TMs – Multitape TM and nondeterministic TM • A new chapter (Chapter 10) on decidability and recursively enumerable languages • A new chapter (Chapter 12) on complexity theory and NP-complete problems • A section on quantum computation in Chapter 12. • KEY FEATURES • Objective-type questions in each chapter—with answers provided at the end of the book. • Eighty-three additional solved examples—added as Supplementary Examples in each chapter. • Detailed solutions at the end of the book to chapter-end exercises. The book is designed to meet the needs of the undergraduate and postgraduate students of computer science and engineering as well as those of the students offering courses in computer applications.